Are MCAs Legal?

Merchant cash advances (MCAs) are legal in most states, but they operate outside traditional lending laws because they are structured as sales of future receivables, not loans. This legal gray area allows funders to charge high fees and use aggressive collection tactics.

Merchant cash advances (MCAs) have become a popular source of quick funding for small businesses, but they often leave business owners asking a critical question: Are MCAs legal?

At J. Singer Law Group, we help New York businesses navigate the risks of MCAs and defend against aggressive funders. This article explains the legal status of MCAs, why they operate in a gray area, and what you can do if an MCA is threatening your business.

Are MCAs Legal?

The short answer is yes—merchant cash advances are legal in most states, including New York. However, their legality stems from how they’re structured.

Unlike traditional loans, an MCA is presented as a purchase of future receivables. In this arrangement:

• The funder gives a business a lump sum of cash.
• The business agrees to repay a higher amount through a percentage of daily or weekly sales.
• Payments continue until the agreed amount (the advance plus fees) is fully collected.

Because MCAs are not classified as loans, they are not subject to state usury laws or federal lending regulations like the Truth in Lending Act (TILA).

Why MCAs Operate in a Legal Gray Area

This distinction between a loan and a receivables purchase allows MCA providers to:

• Avoid interest rate caps that apply to lenders.
• Charge effective annual percentage rates (APRs) as high as 70%–350%.
• Include aggressive collection provisions like confessions of judgment (COJ).

Courts have upheld this structure in many cases, but some have begun scrutinizing MCA agreements when they appear to function more like loans.

Are MCAs Regulated in New York?

New York has taken steps to rein in certain MCA practices:

• Confessions of Judgment Ban (2019): Prohibits the use of COJs against out-of-state borrowers. However, funders still use COJs against New York businesses or file in other jurisdictions.

• Commercial Finance Disclosure Laws: Require MCA providers to disclose terms more clearly, though enforcement remains limited.

Despite these measures, MCAs remain largely unregulated compared to traditional lenders.

Legal Risks of MCAs for Business Owners

Even though MCAs are legal, they come with significant risks:

1. Aggressive Collection Tactics

MCA providers often freeze bank accounts, file lawsuits, or contact customers and vendors to pressure repayment.

2. Confessions of Judgment

If you signed a COJ, the funder can obtain a court judgment against your business without notice or trial.

3. Stacking Debt

Business owners may take out multiple MCAs to repay existing ones, leading to an unsustainable debt cycle.

When Can an MCA Be Challenged Legally?

MCAs may be challenged in court if:

• The agreement is found to be a disguised loan subject to usury laws.
• The funder engaged in fraud, misrepresentation, or deceptive practices.
• The confession of judgment was filed improperly or violates recent legal restrictions.

How J. Singer Law Group Helps Business Owners

At J. Singer Law Group, we understand the complex legal landscape surrounding MCAs. Our attorneys have extensive experience helping New York businesses:

• Challenge unfair MCA agreements and COJs.
• Negotiate reduced settlements or alternative repayment terms.
• Defend against lawsuits filed by MCA funders.
• Explore bankruptcy or restructuring options to protect your business assets.

If your business is struggling under the weight of MCA debt or facing aggressive collection tactics, we can help you fight back and regain control.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. Are merchant cash advances considered loans?

No. MCAs are structured as purchases of future receivables, which allows providers to avoid lending laws.

2. Are MCAs legal in New York?

Yes, but New York has limited some practices, such as banning COJs against out-of-state businesses.

3. Can I get out of an MCA contract?

Possibly. An attorney can review your agreement and may be able to challenge it based on fraud, usury, or improper filings.

4. What happens if I default on an MCA?

You may face lawsuits, frozen accounts, and aggressive collection efforts. Legal representation can help protect your business.

5. Why hire J. Singer Law Group?

We are New York’s leading MCA law firm, with a proven track record of defending business owners and challenging predatory MCA practices.

Protect Your Business From Predatory MCA Practices

Merchant cash advances may be legal, but that doesn’t mean they’re safe for your business. If you’re dealing with aggressive funders, mounting debt, or frozen accounts, you need experienced legal help.

Contact J. Singer Law Group today, New York’s top MCA law firm, for a confidential consultation. Our attorneys are ready to defend your business and help you break free from the MCA debt trap.

Call now to take back control of your finances.